Read stdin in Python: input(), sys.stdin, Pipes, and EOF
Read Python standard input interactively or as a stream, with explicit choices for prompts, pipes, EOF, text, bytes, and tests.
Tutorials
Browse Python tutorials for beginners and working developers, including syntax, libraries, examples, projects, and real problem-solving guides.
T-Test in Python with SciPy: One-Sample and Two-Sample
Run t-tests in Python with SciPy, choose one-sample or independent tests, interpret p-values, assumptions, alternatives, and effect size.
Python Documentation Tools: Sphinx, pydoc, MkDocs, and More
Compare Python documentation tools including Sphinx, pydoc, MkDocs, docstrings, autodoc, API references, and documentation testing.
Get File Size in Python: pathlib, os, Bytes, and Directory Trees
Get a file size in Python with pathlib or os, convert bytes safely, handle missing paths, and distinguish one file from a directory tree.
Python kwargs.get(): Optional Arguments Without KeyError
Use kwargs.get() in Python for optional keyword arguments while handling defaults, None, required keys, validation, and explicit function APIs.
Python Set Difference: -, difference(), and update()
Use Python set difference with -, difference(), and difference_update() to find values missing from another set while keeping mutation and symmetry clear.
Python setattr(): Set Object Attributes Dynamically and Safely
Use Python setattr() to set dynamic object attributes, understand properties and __slots__, validate names, and choose mappings when keys are data.
Tabulate JSON in Python: Flatten, Format, and Validate Data
Display JSON data as Python tables with tabulate by normalizing records, choosing columns, handling nested values, missing keys, and safe output.
Rotate and Scale a Vector in Python With Matrices
Rotate and scale 2D vectors in Python with NumPy matrices, radians, composition order, homogeneous transforms, and clear coordinate-system checks.
Mock a Context Manager in Python with unittest.mock
Mock Python context managers with MagicMock, __enter__, __exit__, patch targets, exception behavior, and readable tests.