Python Expressions: Values, Operators, Calls, and Evaluation
Understand Python expressions, operator precedence, function calls, comprehensions, conditional expressions, assignment expressions, and evaluation order.
Tutorials
Browse Python tutorials for beginners and working developers, including syntax, libraries, examples, projects, and real problem-solving guides.
Copy Files in Python: shutil.copyfile(), copy(), copy2(), and copytree()
Copy Python files with the right shutil function, destination policy, metadata expectations, symlink behavior, and backup verification.
Keyword Arguments in Python: Names, Defaults, and **kwargs
Use Python keyword arguments for readable calls, keyword-only parameters, defaults, unpacking, and controlled **kwargs without hiding API mistakes.
Split a String in Half in Python: Slicing and Odd Lengths
Split a Python string into two halves with len(), integer division, slicing, and an explicit rule for odd-length and empty strings.
Python Key-Value Pairs: Dictionaries, Items, and Safe Lookups
Work with Python key-value pairs using dictionaries, items, get, updates, unpacking, missing keys, ordering, and clear data contracts.
Python csv.DictReader: Headers, Types, Missing Fields, and Safe Files
Read CSV files with Python csv.DictReader, handle headers and missing fields, convert types explicitly, validate rows, and write safe imports.
Python Wrappers and Decorators: functools.wraps and Arguments
Build Python wrappers and decorators with functools.wraps, arguments, timing, logging, options, and preserved function metadata.
Unpack Tuples in Python: Multiple Assignment and *rest
Unpack Python tuples with multiple assignment, starred targets, nested structures, and deliberate length checks instead of fragile positional assumptions.
Python datetime.fromtimestamp(): Convert Unix Time Safely
Use datetime.fromtimestamp() to convert Unix timestamps with explicit time zones, UTC handling, seconds versus milliseconds checks, and clear daylight-saving behavior.
Python callable(): Check Functions, Classes, and __call__ Objects
Use Python callable() to check functions, classes, callbacks, and objects with __call__, while understanding what the check cannot guarantee.